RISK MANAGEMENT

The Company’s activities are exposed to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including foreign exchange risk, commodity price risk and interest rate risk), credit risk, liquidity risk and capital risk. The Company’s overall financial risk management program focuses on addressing the financial market uncertainty and seeking efforts to minimize potential adverse effects on the financial performance of the Company. Risk management is carried out by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Board identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks, where appropriate. The Board of Directors determines principles for overall risk management, including market, credit, liquidity and capitalization risks.

1. Market Risk

(i) Foreign exchange risk The financing and the majority of revenue and operating expenditure of the operating subsidiaries of the Company are denominated in US Dollars, which indirectly represents a natural hedge on exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. However, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising from Rupiah other operation expenses. Management believes that the Company’s exposure to foreign exchange risk is not significant. The Company does not use any financial instruments such as forward exchange contract to mitigate the foreign exchange risk.

(ii) Price risk The Company is exposed to commodity price risk because coal is a commodity product traded in the world coal markets. Prices are based on global coal prices, which tend to be highly cyclical and subject to significant fluctuations. As a commodity product, global coal prices are principally dependent on the supply and demand dynamics of coal in the world export market. The Company did not engage in trading coal contracts and has not entered into long term coal pricing agreements to hedge its exposure to fluctuations in the coal price but may do so in the future. Instead, the Company entered into one-year fixed price coal contracts with some of its customers to safeguard a portion of its revenue for each year. The Company also faces commodity price risk relating to the purchase of fuel for its operations. The Company does not engage in any fuel hedging contracts to hedge its exposure to fluctuations in the fuel price but may do so in the future. However, in order to mitigate the risks, the Company and mining contractors have agreed in making some adjustments to contracted rates based on fluctuations in fuel prices above estimated price.

(iii) Interest rate risk The Company has certain borrowings that are subject to variable interest rates; such as the Company is exposed to interest rate risk. In order to minimize interest rate risks which increase the uncertainty of the cash flows for interest payments in the future, the Company shall:

(a) Monitor interest rate in the market;

(b) Develop intensive communication with the related banks for the interest charges; and

(c) Implement cash management to minimize the interest expenses. b. Credit Risk Credit risk arises from cash in banks, time deposits, trade receivables, and non-trade receivables. Management is confident in its ability to continue to control and maintain minimal exposure to credit risk, since the Company has clear policies on the selection of customers, legally binding agreements in place for coal sales transactions and mining services and other services rendered and historically low levels of bad debts. The Company’s general policies for coal sales to new and existing customers are as follows:

(i) Selecting customers with strong financial condition and good reputation.

(ii)Acceptance of new customers and sales of coal are approved by the authorized personnel according to the Company’s delegation of authority structure.

2. Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is defined as a risk that arises in situations where the Company's cash flow indicates that the cash inflow from short-term revenue is not enough to cover the cash outflow of short-term expenditure. In the liquidity risk management policy, the Company monitors and maintains a level of cash and cash equivalents deemed adequate to finance the Company's operational activities and to mitigate the effect of fluctuations in cash flows. The Company's management also regularly monitors the projected and actual cash flows, including their loan maturity profiles, and continuously assesses conditions in the financial markets to tap opportunities to pursue fund-raising.
3. Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is defined as a risk that arises in situations where the Company's cash flow indicates that the cash inflow from short-term revenue is not enough to cover the cash outflow of short-term expenditure. In the liquidity risk management policy, the Company monitors and maintains a level of cash and cash equivalents deemed adequate to finance the Company's operational activities and to mitigate the effect of fluctuations in cash flows. The Company's management also regularly monitors the projected and actual cash flows, including their loan maturity profiles, and continuously assesses conditions in the financial markets to tap opportunities to pursue fund-raising.